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Vintage ads show the hidden legacy of the Marlboro Man. The brand first became popular as a women's cigarette.

 
Marlboro Man vs Woman
Marlboro advertisements. 
Robert Jackler

For decades, Marlboro cigarettes have been all but synonymous with their iconic mascot, the Marlboro Man. The burly, rugged cowboy trailed the plains on horseback in the company's iconic 20th-century advertisements and TV commercials. More recently, he has made cameos in shows like "Seinfeld" and songs like "Old Town Road."

As a brand, Marlboro has positioned itself to symbolize a lifestyle of independence and self-reliance. But its history is far more complicated.

The brand first stepped out as a women's cigarette in 1924. At that time, smoking was considered a violation of social mores among respectable women. But many tobacco companies, including Marlboro, saw female smokers as an untapped market.

"The tobacco industry realized that half of its potential customers were not even considering using cigarettes," Robert Jackler, a tobacco advertising researcher at Stanford University, told Business Insider. "The industry actually began engineering ways of encouraging women to be willing to smoke in public."

By the late 1920s, women's smoking had become an emblem of first-wave feminism. But Marlboro's advertisements were still steeped in gender stereotypes. They featured debutantes concerned about keeping their lipstick intact or doting housewives who craved the same cigarettes as their husbands.

The following vintage ads reveal how Marlboro has evolved over nearly 100 years.

 

By 1920, women in America had won the right to vote — but some were still being denied the right to smoke in public.

Marlboro Mild as May (1935)

Robert Jackler

In 1904, a woman in New York was sentenced to 30 days in jail for smoking in the presence of her children. Four years later, another woman in New York was arrested for smoking a cigarette in public.

In 1921, Congress proposed a bill that would ban women from smoking in public in Washington, D.C. Women who did smoke were often forced to do so at home.

"It would have been very shocking for women to smoke in public in the early 20th century," Jackler said. "In polite American society, women did not smoke, certainly not in public."

 
 

Marlboro ads helped shift that narrative. They depicted smoking as glamorous rather than unladylike.

Marlboro Ivory Tips Protect the Lips (1935)

Robert Jackler

The company's debut tagline was "Mild as May" — a reference to both the flavor of the cigarettes and the demeanor of the women smoking them.

Many of the women in these advertisements had dark lips, long eyelashes, and perfectly coiffed hair. Their cigarettes were perched neatly between two fingers. Marlboro even marketed the cigarettes as an accessory for bridge parties or limousine rides.

The cigarettes came with grease-proof tips designed to prevent a woman's lipstick from smudging. Marlboro even introduced red rims around the cigarette to disguise lipstick stains.

 
 

Philip Morris, the company that owned Marlboro, launched a handwriting contest for ladies. Women received a box of cigarettes in exchange for entering.

Marlboro Handwriting Contest (1929)

Robert Jackler

In the late 1920s, women were asked to submit a written sample of Marlboro's slogan — "A cigarette for those who can afford 20 cents for the best" — with an enclosed check for $1. In exchange, Marlboro would send them a pack of cigarettes and a "character analysis" of their handwriting from a Russian graphologist.

 
 

Cigarettes were also a symbol of rebellion for women in the 1920s.

Marlboro feminism

Robert Jackler

As Marlboro was marketing its cigarette to women, its rival brand — the American Tobacco Company — adopted the same approach.

The company hired public-relations expert Edward Bernays (the nephew of Sigmund Freud) to help stage a protest at the 1929 Easter Day Parade in New York City. Bernays recruited debutantes to march through the streets, dressed in white, carrying lit cigarettes in their hand.

He called the cigarettes "torches of freedom."

"It was covered in every newspaper and magazine in America," Jackler said. "There were hundreds of newspapers all over America that featured pictures of these women on Fifth Avenue."

 
 
 

In the 1940s, Marlboro ads portrayed cigarettes as a way for women to attract men.

Marlboro Everything for the Boys (1945)

Robert Jackler

This advertisement from 1945 catered to women, but featured the slogan: "Everything for the boys."

"The thought is that Marlboro appeals to women who want to reject classic femininity," Jackler said. "But I think that's a little simplistic. While there may be some of that, I think that it's also because women smoke the cigarette that's in the house."

Men in the 1940s smoked Marlboro, too — though the brand wasn't as popular as the American Tobacco Company's Lucky Strike cigarettes.

By 1954, the "women's cigarette" still represented less than 1% of the domestic cigarette market.

 
 

In the 1950s, scientific research started to suggest that cigarettes could cause lung cancer in men. Fearful of losing a key market, Marlboro introduced its signature mascot: the Marlboro Man.

Marlboro advertisement

Robert Jackler

In 1950, four independent studies found that a high percentage of lung cancer patients were also heavy smokers. In the years to follow, dozens of similar studies began to confirm these results.

In 1954, scientists at the American Cancer Society determined that "men with a history of regular cigarette smoking have a considerably higher death rate than men who have never smoked or men who have smoked only cigars or pipes."

Marlboro wanted a way to reassure male customers that its cigarettes weren't a hazard to their health. In 1954, the brand launched a filtered cigarette that was believed, at the time, to reduce the amount of tar and other toxic chemicals that a smoker inhaled.

But filtered cigarettes were also seen as weaker and less flavorful.

"At the time, there was an attitude that the only people who smoked filters were women and sissy men," Jackler said. "The notion was to show that a real macho, rugged man could smoke filters."

The Marlboro Man helped reinforce the idea that filtered cigarettes could be masculine.

 
 

Before settling on the cowboy, Marlboro tested many different tropes of masculinity, including sailors, football players, and airline pilots.

Marlboro sailor ad

Robert Jackler

"They wanted to have a filter brand that was more lifestyle-oriented," Jackler said. "This paper-wrapped, shredded tobacco leaf was everything to everyone. It was an essential part of daily life."

That was true despite the fact that not all Americans resembled the Marlboro Man.

"There's a real genius to it," Jackler said. "Very few people are Marlboro Men, but people resonate with what the Marlboro Man represents."

 
 

Many of these ads prominently displayed the men's military tattoos.

Marlboro More to Like Than Ever

Robert Jackler

"Every single one of them had a tattoo on their hand," Jackler said of the early Marlboro Men. The advertisements, he added, "were meant to show masculine men doing what masculine men do."

 
 

The Marlboro Man was also the portrait of physical health and strength — despite what research suggested about smoking and lung cancer.

Marlboro Lights Advertisement

Robert Jackler

"The connotation of these ads is, 'Not only am I rugged and masculine, but I'm in control of my own. Nobody's going to tell me what to do and I don't have to listen to those doctors and public-health people,'" Jackler said.

 
 

When smokers started turning to lower-priced cigarettes, Marlboro started to advertise other products and experiences that complemented its cowboy ethos.

Marlboro product ad

Robert Jackler

By the 1990s, Marlboro was still America's best-selling cigarette, but customers were increasingly willing to jump ship for cheaper brands. The Clinton administration was also threatening to impose higher taxes on cigarettes to discourage smoking.

In addition to lowering its prices, Marlboro unveiled a new advertising campaign called the "Marlboro Adventure Team," which offered 10 winners several days of hiking, biking, rafting, and horseback riding through Colorado and Utah. The company also sold "Adventure Gear" like jackets, canvas duffel bags, Swiss Army watches, and lighters.

The Marlboro Man was absent from the campaign.

"The disappearance is intriguing because it comes when Marlboro sales are unexpectedly slumping," The New York Times wrote in 1992. "While no one is claiming the Marlboro Man is heading for his last roundup, there is a widespread belief that the imagery, once fresh and compelling, has become dated."

 
 
 

Philip Morris USA is now owned by Altria, a company that also owns a stake in the e-cigarette maker JUUL Labs.

Marlboro man
A Marlboro Man pictured on the rooftop of cigarette manufacturer Philip Morris in Berlin, Germany on March 30, 2016. 
Soeren Stache/DPA/Getty Images

"Altria still keeps the legacy of the Western heritage of Marlboro, often with images of cowboys," Jackler said.

As smoking rates decline across America, e-cigarettes have become increasingly popular — particularly among teenagers. From 2017 to 2018, e-cigarette use among high school students increased by 78%.

The US Food and Drug Administration has warned that e-cigarettes' fun flavors make e-cigarettes more appealing to young smokers. In January, the FDA banned these types of flavored e-cigarette cartridges.

But Jackler said that cigarette brands constantly find new ways to reinvent themselves.

"The tobacco industry is like a chameleon," he said. "It will adapt to whatever's popular."

 

https://www.businessinsider.com/marlboro-man-cigarette-brand-history-vintage-ads-2020-2?r=US&IR=T

Charlie Charles IV, Lois Hi and 2 other users have reacted to this post.
Charlie Charles IVLois HiBarney RubbleForrest

Sorry about the giant headline, above and the writer's name going missing from the article as posted. It is:

 
Charlie Charles IV, Lois Hi and 2 other users have reacted to this post.
Charlie Charles IVLois HiBarney RubbleForrest

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Lois HiBarney RubbleForrest
Quote from Hot Lips Houlihan on December 28, 2021, 9:51 pm

Sorry about the giant headline, above and the writer’s name going missing from the article as posted. It is:

 

Thanks, Hot Lips, for curing my insomnia. I just start reading the Marlboro man story and I'm out for the count 🤗😇😁

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Charlie Charles IVLois Hi
Quote from Forrest on December 31, 2021, 7:45 am
Quote from Hot Lips Houlihan on December 28, 2021, 9:51 pm

Sorry about the giant headline, above and the writer’s name going missing from the article as posted. It is:

 

Thanks, Hot Lips, for curing my insomnia. I just start reading the Marlboro man story and I’m out for the count 🤗😇😁

You're lucky Forrest, I had to go for a smoke TWICE reading it !😜

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Charlie Charles IVLois HiForrest
Quote from Barney Rubble on December 31, 2021, 1:40 pm
Quote from Forrest on December 31, 2021, 7:45 am
Quote from Hot Lips Houlihan on December 28, 2021, 9:51 pm

Sorry about the giant headline, above and the writer’s name going missing from the article as posted. It is:

 

Thanks, Hot Lips, for curing my insomnia. I just start reading the Marlboro man story and I’m out for the count 🤗😇😁

You’re lucky Forrest, I had to go for a smoke TWICE reading it !😜

The subliminal, or completely open, message got through to you, Barney. You are the advertisers dream customer 😊

Charlie Charles IV, Lois Hi and Barney Rubble have reacted to this post.
Charlie Charles IVLois HiBarney Rubble
Quote from Forrest on December 31, 2021, 8:22 pm
Quote from Barney Rubble on December 31, 2021, 1:40 pm
Quote from Forrest on December 31, 2021, 7:45 am
Quote from Hot Lips Houlihan on December 28, 2021, 9:51 pm

Sorry about the giant headline, above and the writer’s name going missing from the article as posted. It is:

 

Thanks, Hot Lips, for curing my insomnia. I just start reading the Marlboro man story and I’m out for the count 🤗😇😁

You’re lucky Forrest, I had to go for a smoke TWICE reading it !😜

The subliminal, or completely open, message got through to you, Barney. You are the advertisers dream customer 😊

Not sure if it was my masculine or feminine side that was hood winked. Maybe I'm just gullible?🤔

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Charlie Charles IVLois Hi

Lois Hi, Hot Lips Houlihan and Barney Rubble have reacted to this post.
Lois HiHot Lips HoulihanBarney Rubble
Quote from Forrest on December 31, 2021, 7:45 am
Quote from Hot Lips Houlihan on December 28, 2021, 9:51 pm

Sorry about the giant headline, above and the writer’s name going missing from the article as posted. It is:

 

Thanks, Hot Lips, for curing my insomnia. I just start reading the Marlboro man story and I’m out for the count 🤗😇😁

😘😉😋

Charlie Charles IV, Lois Hi and Barney Rubble have reacted to this post.
Charlie Charles IVLois HiBarney Rubble

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Charlie Charles IVLois Hi

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Lois Hi

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Lois HiBarney Rubble

Don't be fooled by the sneaky diagram or the sneaky decimal point reference- just read the conditions...

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Lois HiBarney Rubble

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Lois Hi

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Lois Hi

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Lois Hi

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Lois Hi
Quote from Charlie Charles IV on January 5, 2022, 7:18 pm

Don’t be fooled by the sneaky diagram or the sneaky decimal point reference- just read the conditions…

 

 

Thanks for your helpful hint Charlie, I would've been there for the night carrying the one and what not 😂😂

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